It shouldn't have any impact on his political career. He made a promise to act (run a referendum) on the question of recognition and a voice, as put forward by the Uluru Message from the Heart - admittedly at a time when the Libs had been supportive of the notion and process.
That changed, and Dutton say what he thought was a chance to score political points from opposing. The people voted, and the result is theirs (ours) not Albo's. He was not head of the voice campaign - nor should he have been. Albo was true to his promise.
And Dutton will be surprised (disappointed) that this referendum result has no bearing on any party politics bounce for him in the polls when it comes to government elections.